Manic depression, also known as bipolar disorder, is a brain disorder characterized by extreme shifts in mood, energy and behavior. A person suffering from manic depression experiences dramatic fluctuations between periods of mania (a state characterized by extremely elevated mood and hyperactivity) and depression. These fluctuations are called episodes. Symptoms of a manic-depressive episode vary depending on whether the person is experiencing a period of mania or depression.
Rapid Onset
Manic-depressive episodes can develop quickly, sometimes within several hours.
Onset of Manic Episodes
During the onset of a manic episode, a person experiences a dramatic increase in physical and mental activity. He or she has an abundance of energy, speaks rapidly, is easily distracted and needs little sleep. The individual also appears to have a highly elevated mood, and may exhibit unusual self-confidence.
Onset of Depressive Episodes
The onset of a depressive episode is characterized by a rapid decline in mood and activity. During a depressive episode, an individual feels sad, anxious or hopeless. Lethargy is another common symptom of a depressive episode. The person may also lose interest in activities he or she once enjoyed. Suicidal thoughts may occur, and the sufferer may attempt to commit suicide.
Onset of Psychosis
An individual may also experience symptoms of psychosis during a manic or depressive episode. Psychotic symptoms include hallucinations (seeing, hearing or otherwise sensing things that are not there) and delusions (inaccurate but strongly held beliefs that are not based on rational thought).
Age of Onset
Symptoms of manic depression often begin in late adolescence or early adulthood. When symptoms develop in teens, they may be mistaken for typical adolescent mood swings.
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