The pituitary gland at the base of the brain and the adrenal glands on top of the kidneys are key parts of the endocrine system that work hand-in-hand. They regulate functions of the body, including metabolism, adrenaline release and sexual development.
Role of the Pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland is sometimes called the endocrine system's "master control gland" because it regulates the activity of other glands in the body, including the adrenal glands.
Adrenal Gland Stimulation
The pituitary gland releases corticotrophin hormones. These stimulate the adrenal glands to produce corticosteroid hormones. These control how the body processes fats, proteins and carbohydrates. They also help keep the immune system functioning properly.
Other Adrenal Functions
Other adrenal gland functions include releasing epinephrine, or adrenaline, in stressful situations. These same glands calm the body down after an adrenaline rush by releasing norepinephrine, or noradrenaline.
Possible Problems
A pituitary tumor can cause the pituitary gland produce too much corticoptophin, the hormone that stimulates the adrenal glands. The result can be obesity, stunted growth or slowed sexual development. A pituitary tumor also can lead to Addison's disease. With Addison's, the pituitary hormone imbalance negates the adrenal glands' ability to produce proper levels of hormones.
Effects
The same part of the pituitary gland that affects the adrenal glands also produces the hormones that stimulate growth hormones, follicle-stimulating hormones, and luteinizing hormones for the ovaries and testes. The pituitary gland also allows the adrenal glands to secrete estrogen and testosterone.
Other Effects
The adrenal glands produce aldosterone hormone, which is important for sustaining a healthy blood volume and blood pressure.
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