Blood antibody detection is the most common HIV test. A blood sample is collected in a doctor's office, lab or hospital, or by using a home collection kit. The sample is tested in a lab for the presence of HIV antibodies.
Early Testing
The length of time it takes for the immune system to develop HIV antibodies varies from person to person. Early testing is advised in order to begin treatment as soon as possible if testing yields a positive result.
Window Period
The "window period," or the time it takes for antibodies to develop, usually ranges from 2 to 8 weeks following exposure. The average is 25 days, though some individuals will take longer to produce detectable antibodies.
Repeat Testing
Following exposure, 97 percent of people will develop HIV antibodies during the first 3 months. As there have been cases of development taking up to 6 months, persons testing negative in the first 3 months are urged to repeat the test.
False Positives
Repeat testing after 6 months can also eliminate the possibility of a rare false-positive result.
RNA Testing
A ribonucleic acid (RNA) blood test can detect the HIV virus directly within 9 to 11 days of infection. As of May 2009, RNA tests are more costly than the antibody-detection method and not in widespread use.
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