An example of a cold sore.
Cold sores, the most common form of the herpes simplex virus, infects the mouth and face as a group of small blisters. During infection, cold sores will appear as swollen red blisters around the mouth (though they may also appear on the nose, chin or fingers), often breaking open and expressing a clear fluid which will scab over after a few days. Cold sores heal by themselves, usually within seven to 10 days.
Cause and Symptoms
When an individual comes into contact with another individual who has the herpes virus, or any items (such as razors, makeup or eating utensils) that has come into contact with the virus, the herpes virus can be contracted and a cold sore may develop.
When an individual is first developing a cold sore, there is often pain around the mouth and on the lips. The area around the mouth may tingle, and a hard spot may be felt. The individual may also have a fever, a sore throat and swollen glands, either in the neck or in other locations. Occasionally, someone may contract the virus that causes cold sores but will not exhibit any symptoms, nor will they develop cold sores.
Treatment
A doctor may prescribe ointments, creams or pills for symptoms that are very painful. Similar ointments and creams in lower doses can be obtained over-the-counter: topical lidocaine or benzyl alcohol (known as Zilactin) are the most common options. In terms of pills, if an individual has several cold sore breakouts, a doctor may prescribe an antiviral as treatment or prevention. Such treatments usually help the cold sores to disappear one to two days earlier than they would have. An individual can also relieve symptoms by taking an over-the-counter pain reliever, such as aspirin, acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Motrin or Advil). A child who has a cold sore should not be given aspirin, which may result in the child developing Reyes Syndrome. Warm or cold compresses may also help alleviate pain.
Other over-the-counter ointments, such as Carmex, may help the cold sore heal. A health care professional or pharmacist may also have other suggestions.
Prevention
Contracting the herpes virus is avoidable. Do not come into contact with an infected individual's bodily fluids. Avoid kissing someone with a cold sore. Do not share eating utensils, makeup, cups or other objects that have come into contact with an infected individual's bodily fluids or the infected area.
When you have the herpes virus, it's important to avoid getting overtired or overstressed. Lip balm and sunscreen are essential--too much sun can cause an outbreak. Makeup, utensils, razors, toothbrushes or other objects that someone with a cold sore may have used should not be shared. Hygiene standards need to be maintained, if a cold sore has broken: hands need to be washed regularly and the individual needs to avoid touching the cold sore, face and other body parts, such as genitals.
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