A low-carb diet can result in dramatic weight loss initially and in the long term as long as the diet is continued. The effects are reversed, however, when the diet is stopped. Cholesterol levels are affected by a low-carb diet as well, but extreme low-carb diets should be used with caution.
Initial Weight Loss
When an individual begins a low-carb diet, he tends to lose a great deal of weight very quickly. Some individuals lose over 10 lbs. in the first week of the diet, but the loss is not body fat. A low-carb diet has a diuretic effect, eliminating bloating and water retention that can result from a high-carb diet. The initial loss that comes from a low-carb diet is extra water weight.
Ongoing Weight Loss
After the initial period, weight loss slows to 1 lb. or 2 lbs. per week or less, depending on the individual. During this period, the person on the low-carb diet begins to burn body fat for energy, because there aren't enough carbohydrates in the diet to fuel daily activities.
Stopping the Diet
Eating high-carbohydrate foods, which raise the level of carbs in the diet too far, ends weight loss. Going back to pre-diet eating habits results in immediate weight gain. Initial weight gain, due to water retention, can be lost quickly by returning to the low-carb diet.
Cholesterol Levels
Low-carb diets have been shown to improve overall cholesterol levels, despite the increased amount of cholesterol consumed by low-carb dieters. According to a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine in July 2008, cholesterol ratios of study participants in the low-carb group improved 8 percent more than those in the low-fat group during a two-year period.
Considerations
There are several different varieties of low-carb diet plans, each with their own directives involving how many carbohydrates to consume and which carbohydrate foods are acceptable. Some low-carb diet plans advocate the complete elimination of all grains, fruits and vegetables. Before starting such an extreme diet plan, consult with a physician to ensure that all necessary nutrients will be available.
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