Puncture wounds are injuries that occur when a sharp object is able to penetrate the skin. Common puncture wounds occur when people inadvertently step on nails or are bitten by a dog or a cat. Puncture wounds can be quite deep or be simply on the skin's outer surface but all puncture wounds carry the potential for infection when bacteria and other organisms gain access to the body through it.
Causes
The majority of puncture wounds are caused by everyday household objects such as tacks, scissors, pins, needles and sharp knives. Accidents occur which result in a puncture wound and dog and cat bites also account for many puncture wounds when their teeth or claws go through the skin of an individual. The typical puncture wound differs from a scrape, cut, or scratch in that it goes deeper into the skin and flesh.
Warning
Puncture wounds are dangerous because they normally do not bleed a lot. This is significant because a small flow of blood from a wound may not be sufficient to wash away any germs that may have gotten into the body through it. Puncture wounds for this reason are susceptible to infections as organisms that may be on the object that resulted in the injury can get into the wound and stay there. This is why animal bites and puncture wounds from claws are always serious since bacteria thrive in saliva and on an animal's feet. The fact that the wound fails to bleed excessively also lulls people into feeling there is no problem beyond the initial pain.
Treatment
Most minor puncture wounds can be handled at home. It is vital however to make sure that whatever caused the wound has not broken off in the body. If part of the object remains within the puncture wound then it would be advised to get professional medical help. If the wound is clear of any obvious debris then the person should press gently around the region of the wound to force blood to flow from it. This can help to bring out any germs that may have entered. When the bleeding has subsided the area should be washed thoroughly with soap and water. Agencies such as the Red Cross advise against putting antibiotic ointments on a puncture wound because they feel it keeps air from getting in, allowing bacteria such as those that precipitate tetanus the ability to grow. But the Mayo Clinic among others thinks that a puncture wound should be treated with antibiotic ointments to keep the wound clean and to keep any possible infectious organisms out of it.
Effects
Serious puncture wounds will need immediate medical attention. If they don't stop bleeding then applying pressure to the area is necessary using a clean bandage or a cloth. Blood that is spurting from a wound means that a major artery or organ has probably been injured and it is imperative to try to quell the bleeding while seeking medical aid. If someone receives a puncture wound from a dirty object or an animal they need to be sure that they have up-to-date tetanus shots or they risk falling victim to infection.
Considerations
Most puncture wounds will hurt for a brief period of time and then the pain will begin to lessen considerably. Wounds of this nature tend to heal quickly, within 48 hours in most minor instances. However, the victim of a puncture wound should always be aware of the potential for infection and watch for the warning signs. If the wound area becomes red and tender or feels warm then infection may be setting in. Look for pus or other drainage from the wound and be alert to the presence of fever, which is another indicator something is wrong. If any signs of infection are present then it's time to see a doctor.
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