Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a form of arthritis that causes pain and inflammation of the joints. The condition is severe enough to cause joint deformity in some cases. In addition to joint difficulties, rheumatoid arthritis can lead to problems with the eyes. With early detection and the proper treatment, some of these eye conditions can be maintained and controlled.
Uveitis
Uveitis is a condition that often affects the uvea portion of the eye in people with RA. The uvea consists of the iris, the choroid of the eye (blood vessels behind the retina) and the ciliary body, which is the tissue that connects the iris to the choroid. This condition causes eye redness, pain, light sensitivity, decreased and blurred vision and dark floating spots in the line of vision. If uveitis is left untreated it could result in loss of vision and scarring of the eye. Treatment of uveitis in rheumatoid arthritis patients includes an anti-inflammatory medication, such as a corticosteroid, which can be administered in eyedrops.
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca affects about one-quarter of people with RA. This condition causes irritation of the conjunctiva, the lining on inside of the lids, and the cornea, which is the clear protective film covering the white portion of the eye. Keratoconjunctivitis also reduces the eye's tear production. The symptoms include light sensitivity, redness, itching, burning sensation, dryness and tearing. Treatment of this condition includes eyedrops to help the eyes make tears again.
Scleritis
Scleritis is inflammation of the white portion of the eye and is often found in patients with RA. This condition causes redness, pain, blurred vision and sensitivity to light. Scleritis is treated with anti-inflammatory medication such as corticosteroids in eyedrops and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) for pain.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma caused by RA affects the optic nerve. This condition is difficult to treat in the early stages because there are few visible symptoms. As the condition develops, there is a noticeable loss of peripheral vision, halos seen around lights, vomiting, headaches and increased eye pressure. Annual eye examinations can help with early detection. Sometimes the damage is irreversible, or surgery may be necessary.
Management
With early detection, most of these conditions caused by RA can easily be treated. It is important to get annual eye checkups by your ophthalmologist, or to make an appointment if you notice any symptoms.
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