Laparotomy refers to any surgery that involves opening the abdomen. It is almost always done under general anesthesia. An exception to this is cesarean section for childbirth, which allows the mother to stay awake but not to feel any pain. Constipation, the inability to have a bowel movement or hard stools during a bowel movement, is an extremely common problem after a laparotomy and happens for several reasons. It can be uncomfortable and even painful, but there are several ways to ease the distress.
Instructions
1. Start with a laxative. Doctors recommend taking an over-the-counter laxative as the 1st choice of treatment. Most laxatives work by either bringing water into the colon, which causes a bowel movement to be more fluid, or by causing movement in the intestines, which causes a bowel movement. Surgical patients should talk to their doctor to determine the best laxative to take. Some patients with severe constipation need a prescription laxative. Others might take a stool softener, which makes for a more comfortable bowel movement. Glycerin suppositories are another choice for quick relief, although they only work on stools that in the lower colon or rectum. These suppositories act as both stool softeners and agents to get the bowel contracting.
2. Drink plenty of fluids. Large amounts of fluid can help with constipation after laparotomy. Water and juices should be the beverages of choice. Liquids add bulk to stools and help make a bowel movement smoother and easier. Patients should avoid coffee, sodas and any drinks with caffeine, as well as alcohol, because all these beverages cause dehydration.
3. Start moving. Most people don't want to exercise right after surgery, but it is crucial to get moving again. Inactivity can lead to constipation because the lower intestines and color work better when a person is active. Doctors urge most patients to get on their feet and start walking again as soon as possible after surgery.
4. Fill up on fiber. You may be on a strictly regimented diet for a few days after laparotomy, but most patients need to get back to a healthy diet as quickly as possible. Fiber is constipation's worst enemy. Whole grains, fresh fruits and vegetables that are full of fiber will help fight any attack of constipation. Aim for well-balanced meals, and be sure to include carbohydrates.
5. Resort to an old-fashioned enema. The surgeon may recommend an enema when other measures don't work. An enema injects water or other liquids into the rectum to stimulate the colon to produce a bowel movement. The enema can be done in the hospital or the patient can give it to himself at home.
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