Periodontal, or gum, diseases are bacterial infections of the tissue and bones around the teeth. Periodontal diseases are preventable and treatable, but left untreated, can result in tooth loss. To prevent periodontal disease, know its varieties, causes, symptoms and methods of prevention.
What is Periodontal Disease?
Periodontal diseases, also known as gum diseases, are chronic bacterial infections of the gums and bone around the teeth, according to the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP). The word "periodontal" means "around the teeth." Gum diseases such as gingivitis and periodontitis can affect just one or many teeth. They are serious infections that must be treated to avoid tooth loss. Periodontal disease is often painless, so you may not even know you have it; that is one reason why regular visits to the dentist are important.
Causes
Gingivitis is the earliest and most mild form of periodontal disease; it begins when the bacteria in plaque, the sticky film that forms on teeth, inflames the gums. Gingivitis is usually caused by lack of proper oral hygiene. Not treating gingivitis can lead to the more serious form of periodontal disease, known as periodontitis. The American Dental Association (ADA) says periodontitis is the leading cause of tooth loss in adults; it happens when the bacteria spreads below the gum line, breaking down and destroying the tissue and bone holding the teeth. As the gums separate from the teeth, pockets form and become infected. Eventually, the teeth become loose and might need to be removed.
Symptoms
The ADA recognizes the following symptoms of periodontal disease:
Red, swollen, or tender gums that bleed easily
Receding gums
Bad breath that doesn't go away
Pus between the teeth and gums
Loose teeth
A change in your bite
A change in the fit of partial dentures
Types of Periodontitis
The AAP says these are the four most common types of periodontitis:
Chronic Periodontitis -- This is the most common form of the disease and causes pockets to form and gums to recede. Loosening of the tooth occurs slowly. While the disease is most prevalent in adults, it can occur at any age.
Advanced Periodontitis -- If the periodontitis goes untreated, the advanced form sets in and causes rapid tissue and bone loss. This occurs in otherwise healthy patients.
Periodontitis as a Manifestation of Systemic Disease -- This form usually begins at an early age and is related to systemic diseases like heart and respiratory disease and diabetes.
Necrotizing Periodontal Disease -- This is characterized by necrosis (the death of living cells) of the tissues, ligaments and bones around the teeth. It is seen most in people with diseases such as HIV or malnutrition.
Prevention/Solution
Regular visits to the dentist and good oral hygiene at home are the best line of defense against periodontal disease. Gingivitis can be reversed with daily brushing and flossing. The ADA recommends brushing your teeth twice each day, with a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste with the ADA seal. Floss your teeth every day to remove food and bacteria from in between your teeth. Eat a well-balanced diet including fruits and vegetables, grains, meat and poultry, and dairy products, which are good for your teeth and your overall health. You can also prevent periodontal diseases with regular visits to the dentist for check-ups and professional cleanings.
Tags: around teeth, your teeth, Periodontal diseases, tooth loss, visits dentist, bacterial infections, bones around