There are various types of chest wounds that can be caused by many factors. Car accidents can cause blunt chest wounds. Penetrating chest wounds may be caused by a stabbing or gunshot. Regardless of how a chest wound is caused, injuries may range from mild to life threatening. Treatment will vary depending on the type of injury, symptoms and severity. However, there are some general steps to take to treat a chest wound.
Instructions
1. Keep in mind 911 may need to be called for some chest wounds. Anytime breathing is difficult, pain is severe or bleeding is unable to be controlled immediate medical attention is needed. If you are unsure whether medical assistance is needed, err on the side of caution and call 911.
2. Find out how the injury occurred. For example a fall may cause a different type of wound than a stabbing. Chest wounds that are caused by force such as a car accident often cause blunt force injuries. Wounds which are penetrating are often caused by a knife or gunshot. Understanding how the injury occurred helps determine what treatment may be needed.
3. Determine the extent of injuries. A chest wound may be as minor as a gash or as severe as a gunshot wound causing a large amount of damage. Look for obvious indications of an injury such as bleeding, an open wound or bruising to the chest. Roll the victim on his side to look for an exit wound if the injury was caused by a gunshot. Check for broken ribs.
4. Assess breathing. Depending on the type and severity of a chest wound an individual may have difficulty breathing. Listen for wheezing sounds, grunting or a sucking sound. Count respiratory rate. The normal rate for an adult is between 14 and 20 breaths a minute. An increase in rate is an indication of respiratory distress. Shallow breathing and the inability to breath deep may also indicate a problem.
5. Control bleeding. If the chest wound has caused extensive bleeding, 911 should be called. Uncontrolled bleeding could be life threatening. While paramedics are on their way first aid should be given to stop the bleeding. Apply direct pressure over the chest wound with a clean cloth until help arrives.
6. Seal the wound. If a sucking chest wound is present it causes air to enter the space in the chest known as the pleural cavity. This can cause the lung to collapse. The chest wound needs to be sealed. In an emergency, a wound can be sealed with a piece of plastic wrap or foil. The material needs to be placed on the wound and be airtight.
7. Look for signs of shock. In a severe chest wound there may be either external bleeding or internal bleeding that cannot be seen. Either causes of loss of blood can result in shock, which is a medical emergency. Signs of shock include a weak rapid heart rate, cold skin, weakness, confusion and anxiety. 911 should be called immediately if shock is suspected.
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